A. Definition
Explanation Text is a text that is used to explain the way or process of something happening. especially those related to natural phenomena, the scientific world or socio-cultural. An explanation is written to explain how and why something in the world happens. It is about actions rather than about things. Explanation text serves to explain the process and causes of the occurrence of an event or a thing in detail.
Is to explain the processes the process that occurs in the formation of something or activities related to natural, social, scientific, cultural, and other phenomena that aims to explain why and how this happened.
B. Social Function :
C. Generic Structure:
D. Linguistic Features:
Part D page 11
Tsunami
Tsunami occurs when major fault
under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it
like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The
ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move
across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases
as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes,
or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.
A tsunami washes ashore with
often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning
and damage to property. A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by
a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a
landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the
ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very
large.
1. Tsunami happens because ....
Answer: fault under the ocean
floor suddenly slips
2. What are the impacts of
tsunami ?
Answer: disastrous effects such
as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property
3. Mention the disturbance of
tsunami!
Answer: The ocean waves spread
out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until
they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the
continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the
ocean floor up to the land
4. From second paragraph we know
that ....
Answer: tsunami makes unfortunate
event
5. The text mostly tells us about
....
Answer: why and how tsunami
happens
Part E page 11-15
Teks Eksplanasi 1:
Recycling is a collection,
processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away.
Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to
plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original
material and uses it in new products.
In general, using recycled
materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using
new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the
demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution
produced during the manufacturing process.
Paper products that can be
recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The
most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old
newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and
aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot
water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen
blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The
pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and
fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or
burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be
made into paper again.
Experts estimate the average
office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper
that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m ( about 50 cu ft ) of landfill space. One
ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees ( trees used to produce paper ).
1. The following things can be
recycled, EXCEPT....
A. Precious metals
B. Broken glass
C. Old newspapers
D. Plastic spoons
E. Fresh vegetables and fruits
2. Which of the following is NOT
the benefit of recycling?
A. It costs much money for the
process of recycling
B. It costs less to make new
products
C. It requires less energy
D. It can reduce pollution
E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives
3. What is the third step of
recycling paper products?
A. Collect and search for
contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil
B. Mix the paper with hot water
in a blender which turns it into pulp
C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants
D. Put the pulp to a large vat to
separate the ink from the paper fibres
E. Mix the pulp with new wood
fibres to be made into paper again
4. We can make use of the ink
after being separated from the paper fibres by doing
the followings, EXCEPT....
A. Skim it off
B. Dry it
C. Reuse as ink
D. Burn as boiler fuel
E. Mix it with the pulp
Teks Explanasi 2
Human body is made up of
countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace
the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into
substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are
needed. This process is called digestion. The first digestive process takes
place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the
action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth.
Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed
easily.
From the mouth, food passes
through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is
mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours.
Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of
the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes
into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch
projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.
5. What is the text about?
A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive
system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances
6. How can we swallow the food
easily?
A. The food changes into acids
absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed
through esophagus into the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the
juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be
changed into substances carried in the blood to
the places.
7. From the text above, we imply
that ....
A. a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming
healthier.
B. no one concerned with the
process of digestive system for their health.
C. the digestive system is needed
if we are eating the food instantly.
D. every body must conduct the
processes of digestive system well.
E. the better we digest the food
we eat, the healthier we will be.
8. Human body is made up of
countless millions of cells. (Paragraph 1)
The phrase made up means ....
A. Produced
B. Managed
C. Arranged
D. Completed
E. Constructed
Teks Eksplanasi 3
Have you ever wondered how people
get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate
so you can understand exactly what you’re eating. Chocolate starts with a tree
called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places
such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a
small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa
beans.
The beans are fermented for about
a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate
maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans
from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often
sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are
winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell.
Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid.
The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some
amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half
fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.
9. The text is about ....
A. the cacao tree
B. the cacao beans
C. the raw chocolate
D. the making of chocolate
E. the flavour of chocolate
10. The third paragraph focuses
on ....
A. the process of producing chocolate
B. how to produce the cocoa
flavour
C. where chocolate comes from
D. the chocolate liquor
E. the cacao fruit
11. ...so they are often sorted
and blended to produce ... (Paragraph 3.) The word sorted
has the closest meaning to ....
A. Arranged
B. Combined
C. Separated
D. Distributed
E. Organized
12. How does the chocolate maker
start to make chocolate?
A. By fermenting the beans.
B. By roasting the beans
C. By blending the beans.
D. By sorting the beans.
E. By drying the beans
Teks Eksplanasi 4
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the
chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with
light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water
to make sugar and other chemical compounds. How is the light used in
photosynthesis?
The light used in photosynthesis
is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a
plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In
chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into
hydrogen and oxygen.
What are the steps of
photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a
series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the
air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in
the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the
soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex
compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that
is needed to produced these compounds.
13. What step after the hydrogen
combines with carbon dioxide from the air ...
A. Photosynthesis provides the
chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.
B. Water drawn form the soil to
split into hydrogen and oxygen.
C. Food-making process that
occurs in green plants.
D. Phosporus from the soil-green
plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds
essential for life.
E. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.
14. What are photosynthesis need
....
A. Water, light, oxygen, worm
B. Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human
C. Bug, air, oxigen, food
D. Light, Carbon dioxide, humus
E. Candle, vitamins, hydrogen
15. What the product of
photosynthesis ....
A. Sugar
B. Food and O2
C. Root
D. Food
E. Branch
a. Active Voice
b. Passive Voice:
Silkworms live for only two or three days after laying eggs. About 36,000 to 50,000 eggs are laid, and these are carefully stored at the silkworm farm until they are ready to hatch. The eggs hatch into caterpillars, which feed on mulberry leaves. Soon, the caterpillars are ready to spin their cocoons. Not all caterpillars can spin silk cocoons. Only the caterpillars of a silkworm moth known as ‘Bombyx mari’ can do such spinning. This caterpillar has special glands which secrete liquid silk through its lower lip. The liquid produced later hardens to form tine strands.
The caterpillar makes its cocoons using these strands. The threads on the outside of the cocoon are rough, while those inside are soft and smooth.
Some fully-spun cocoons are heated. This kills the pupa inside. The cocoons are then put into hot water to loosen the fine threads. Finally, these threads are reeled off the cocoons.
The length of unbroken thread produced by a single cocoon measures about one-and-a-half kilometers. Being twisted together several of these threads make single woven materials.
1. What is the purpose of the text ……..
A. To persuade readers to buy silk.
B. To put silk into different categories.
C. To entertain readers with the knowledge.
D. To present some points of view about silk.
E. To describe how silk comes into existence.
Answer: E
2. How are the threads on the outside of the cocoon ……..
A. Fine.
B. Soft.
C. Rough.
D. Strong.
E. Smooth.
Answer: C
3.What are mulberry leaves for ……..
A. Feeding caterpillars
B. Spinning cocoons.
C. Storing threads.
D. Hatching eggs.
E. Laying eggs.
Answer: A
A kite is an object which is made from a light material stretched over a frame. Due to its light material a kite will lift off the ground and fly when it is tilted into the wind.
A kite is uses wind to make it fly because it is heavier than air. When wind travels over the surface of the kite, it is split into two streams of air. One stream of the air goes over the kite while the second stream goes under the kite.
The upper stream above the kite. The lower stream hits the kite at a shallow angle and creates an area of high pressure.
The high pressure area has a pushing effect while the low pressure area has a pulling effect. The combination of push and pull can creates enough force to lift the kite into the air.
Kites have been known for thousand of years. They are used for military or scientific purposes. Todays kites are much used for leisure and competition.
4. What media which use by kite to fly?
A. Air
B. Water
C. Ground
D. Light
E. Wind
Answer : E. Wind
5. How many stream of air if we want the kite flying?
A. Two
B. One
C. Four
D. Three
E. There is no stream
Answer: A
